Causes and Effects of Low Fertility

Question: Examine about the Causes and Effects of Low Fertility. Answer: Presentation Maturing is an essential procedure that happens in each living being and realizes major physical and metabolic changes. There has been an expansion in the future of people in the twentieth century. It is being assessed that in US, the future has expanded from 45 to 75.7 from 1902 to 2004 individually (Tejvan, 2016). This more extended future is an aftereffect of better training and expanded salary (Saheli, 2015). Despite the fact that, it is an accomplishment however since the birth rates are declining, there is a significant test to manage such gigantic populace of more seasoned grown-ups. This has expanded the reliance proportion as well as expanded the expense of social insurance; along these lines, squeezing the human services parts as they have manage the issues of bigger populace of more established grown-ups. Asia, being the biggest mainland, has a huge maturing populace which not just force various difficulties on the monetary front yet additionally makes serious issues in giving human services administrations. There have been reports from the World Bank which propose that roughly 36% of the number of inhabitants in grown-ups more than 65 on the planet are dwelling in East Asia which is probably going to ascend later on (Saheli, 2015). The two significant nations of Asia, for example Japan and Singapore will be examined in this exposition as these two nations alongside South Korea have over 14% of their populace more than 65 years of age (Saheli, 2015). The fundamental difficulties that are being forced by the expanding maturing populace remember increment for money related issues, expanded medical issues (especially non-transferable illnesses), decreased populace of working grown-ups, financial difficulties, expanded expense of human services and expanded reliance proportion (H.S. Borji, 2016). These difficulties, segment changes, arrangements and the way of life of maturing populace in Japan and Singapore are additionally clarified in detail. The Demographic Changes The demography of the world is changing at a quick pace with the expansion in the maturing populace. One reason which are answerable for achieving the adjustments in the age and size of the populace is continued time of increased birth rates. Both the number of inhabitants in Japan and Singapore have been affected by the time of increased birth rates which is alluded to as the period followed constantly World War, especially from 1946 to 1964, during which there was blast in the total populace (Sharmistha, 2014). The nations in south-east and East Asia were likewise affected by the time of increased birth rates including both Japan and Singapore; in any case, the time spans of the time of increased birth rates in both the nations vary. In the event of Japan, the time of increased birth rates was brief, for example from 1947 to 1949 (Naohiro and Rikiya, 2007) while in Singapore the time of increased birth rates continued from 1946 to 1965 (Sharmistha, 2014). The registration information acquired in 2000 proposed that in Singapore, 33.89% of the all out populace included individuals conceived during time of increased birth rates that would arrive at the time of retirement or age-matured continuously 2030 (Sharmistha, 2014). This has been one of the significant reasons of expanded populace of more seasoned grown-ups in Singapore. Anyway in Japan, the expanded maturing populace is an aftereffect of time of increased birth rates (minor factor) and different factors as the time of increased birth rates in Japan didn't happen for an extremely extensive stretch of time. This time of increased birth rates in Japan has unquestionably made a segment swell which is accepted to put a huge number of the children of post war America of nation to the retirement (The Associated Press and McClatchy Newspaper, 2007). Another significant reason for this blast in maturing populace can be ascribed to the decrease in the ripeness. The two principle outcomes of this marvel is that the size of work power gets decreased because of quickly maturing populace and it turns out to be extremely hard to invert the low richness (Peter, 2008). It is being recommended by Honolulu that the Japan and Singapore are among the best four prosperous economies of Asia that have most reduced birth rates on the planet because of diminished ripeness rates (2010). In Japan, the time of diminished fruitfulness supported for a more drawn out time after the time of increased birth rates because of which it tends to be seen that there is an enormous maturing populace in Japan as the birth rate has decreased. Another purpose behind low birth rates in these nations is improved instruction framework that motivates individuals to have less number of youngsters and numerous ladies will in general postpone their labor to have better living (Honolulu, 2010). The improved clinical frameworks today have effectively expanded the future because of which the death rates have decreased; in this way, expanding the number of inhabitants in more established grown-ups. The science and innovation has prompted the improvement of better human services offices that permit better treatment which thusly has diminished the mortality. The number of inhabitants in Japan is maturing quick with a nonstop increment in its future; along these lines, making it the nation with most noteworthy future. Specifically, the death pace of senior individuals in Japan is declining (Noriko, n.d.). It is being assessed that the extent of the individuals more than 65 years in Japan is probably going to be expanded from 23% in 2010 up to 40% in 2060 (Noriko, n.d.). There has been a critical improvement in Singapore as far as diminishing the mortality of grown-ups (Ministry of Health, 2010) which is adding to the expanded populace of the maturing people in the nation. This not just squeezes the economy of the nation yet in addition the human services administrations are being tested as they have to make their administrations accessible for the enormous populace of more established grown-ups and furnish them with a superior personal satisfaction. The extremely normal constant conditions that endure among the more seasoned grown-ups incorporate congestive cardiovascular breakdown, dementia, hypertension, heart issue, disease, elevated cholesterol, diabetes and joint pain (Anyssa, 2016). The human services frameworks should be set up to manage these conditions on a bigger casing as there is probability that with expanded maturing populace, the quantity of cases with such conditions would likewise increment. The budgetary requests on the social insurance frameworks would increment as there will be a need of dealing with these ceaseless conditions notwithstanding the degree of handicap of the patient (Anyssa, 2016). The Policies The upsurge of maturing populace has prompted the need of planning different arrangements and plans so as to manage the difficulties of maturing populace. The benefits arrangement of the nation has likewise been tested by the expanding number of more established grown-ups who are not working. In Japan, anticipation situated long haul care (LTC) advantage was presented in the year 2006 in long haul care protection framework with a thought process to keep the maturing populace in Japan from getting reliant and to improve their condition as far as mental and physical wellbeing (Policies for a Revitalisation of Japan, 2012). Hostile to age separation enactment has been defined with the goal that the privilege of the more seasoned grown-ups in availability of administrations and business can be secured (Mala Kapur, 2011, p. 4). In Singapore, the administration has planned a few human services strategies so as to handle the medical problems of the maturing populace adequately. The primary plans of the medicinal services strategy in Singapore are to forestall the maladies, advance wellbeing, empower sound way of life among the more established grown-ups, advance obligation level and elevate the maturing populace to remain dynamic (Olivia, 2006). In 1984, a plan called the Medisave National Medical Saving was acquainted in the nation with permit the individuals to cause investment funds from their income so they to can utilize them for clinical help. Aside from this, MediShield is another strategy that had been presented in 1990 for assisting with the clinical costs (Olivia, 2006). The legislature in Singapore has proposed the Land Tranport Authority (LTA) in 2000 to guarantee the openness of the more established grown-ups (Olivia, 2006). The maturing populace is extraordinarily affecting the general public because of which there is a need to force certain progressions with the goal that this effect can be limited especially on the social insurance and monetary area. The significant effects of the maturing populace on the general public remember the expansion for the reliance proportion, expanded government costs on both the annuities and social insurance frameworks, deficiency of finding the working individuals, decrease in the capital speculation and an expansion in the administrations and merchandise related to the more established grown-ups (Tejvan, 2016). Presently there is a need of executing a few impediments with the goal that these difficulties concerning the maturing populace can be settled. A significant advance that can manage the expanding pressure on the social insurance segments is to instruct the maturing populace in regards to the significance of being solid and embrace a functioning way of life. This can diminish the danger of creating interminable conditions which would in the long run decrease the costs of government on the human services office. There is certainly a need to expand the retirement age so the individuals can work for longer period as this is significant with the goal that the working populace isn't declined at a quick pace and furthermore thusly the economy of nation would not confront serious issues. There are various global investigations that are being directed to distinguish the number of inhabitants in maturing people so the suitable advances can be taken to manage the issues related to them. A portion of the significant examinations incorporate Mexican Health and Aging Study, Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe, English Longitudinal Survey of Aging in England, Longitudinal Study of Aging in South Korea, Chinese Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study of Aging, Indonesian Family Life Survey, Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Thailand and Japanese Study on Aging and Retirement (James, 2012). The Culture The way of life in various nations incredibly shifts as is the recognition with respect to the more seasoned peop

The habeas laws Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The habeas laws - Essay Example . The striking ones among these incorporate the Vietnamese war, the war with the Iraqi government under the solid initiative of the celebrated President Sadam Hussein, the war against Osama container Laden and his Afghanistan based fear mongers gathering, The Al Qaeda, regularly known as the war on dread are the absolute most perceived wars that the America government has battled since the finish of the virus wars. The war on fear against the dread gathering of Afghanistan under the initiative of Osama canister Laden started because of the bombarding assaults on the twins tower and world exchange place Washington DC which prompted the demise of several individuals, handfuls getting away with wounds of different degrees and thousands around the globe lamenting for the loss of their friends and family, companions and family members. More than 700 detainees have been caught corresponding to these assaults, two or three them have been attempted and discharged without fines while some of them, around 169 are as yet serving prison terms in GITMO, a jail inside a U.S. maritime base at Guantanamo Bay, ashore rented from the administration of Cuba. The bramble organization picked on this land for the confinement of these detainees so as to get away from the legitimate difficulties that would emerge from the preeminent courts of America scrutinizing the realness for the inconclusive detainment of the detainees of war by the shrub organization as opposed to the necessities of the habeas corpus laws which offers rights to the prisoners to be heard before confinement. The habeas corpus laws expresses that, any people confined by the legislature is qualified for a legal hearing to decide whether there is any lawful reason for their confinement, that is, the law shields any prisoner from confinement lacking adequate reason o r proof which is in accordance with article 1, segment 9 of the constitution of the US of America which expresses that â€Å"The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus will not be suspended, except if when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the open Safety may require it. (Jackson, 2006, 312) This paper will analyze the privilege of habeas corpus with regards to the war on fear on the offer to offer assurance to the prisoners at GITMO and it inception advancement and presence in the American and British setting today. The general importance of the privilege of habeas corpus in the U.S. Constitution The habeas laws discovered their way into the American constitution through the suspension laws characterized in the constitution of the United States of America which incorporated the normal laws of England. Subsequently this law was upheld by the order of the article 1 area 9, condition 2 of the constitution requesting that â€Å"The benefit of the writ of habeas corpus will not be sus pended, except if when in instances of defiance or intrusion the open wellbeing may require it. (Turner, 2002, 115) Carpenter takes note of that from the beginning of this institution, the constitution of the US concurs each individual an undisputable option to make a supplication to the bureaucratic courts for the request of habeas corpus if there should arise an occurrence of any type of confinement filled as genius se cases whereby the administration is normally called upon to reply under the watchful eye of the court the consistent explanation for the capture and detainment of a person by state specialists (Carpenter, 1902, 25). The habeas laws were then transmitted down to the individual state governments which too permit their separate residents to request of the state experts in their own state courts concerning their individual state constitutions when they happened to be condemned by the state specialists. The government habeas didn't make a difference to those under police guardianship even up to the hour of the war on psychological oppression. So as to guarantee that state courts execute the government

I refuse to answer that question! The new (intimidating) college essay

I refuse to answer that question! The new (intimidating) college essay On January 25, 2012, someone on the College Confidential discussion group posted this thread: Did you ever dump a college from your list because of the type (or number) of essays? Responses flooded in, mostly from parents of students who had indeed given up on an application because they were intimidated by the essay questions, and many from the students themselves.   One woman’s daughter dropped three applications and added one that had easier essay requirements. One aunt reported that her nephews applied to one school only â€" Iowa State â€" because the school did not require essays. And another self-proclaimed lazy procrastinator chose her colleges based on the ease of their essay requirements. Colleges dropped by students ran the  gamut and were headed up by Wake Forest and U Chicago:   Barnard, Brown (2x), BU, Bryn Mawr, Caltech, Carnegie Mellon, University of Chicago (8x), Claremont McKenna (3x), Columbia University (3x), CMC (2x), Cornell, University of Delaware, Duke, Elon, Georgetown, Grinnell (2x), Marquette Honors Program, University of Maryland, University of Michigan, MIT (2x), UNC (3x), Northwestern, Notre Dame (2x), NYU (2x), U Penn (3x), Princeton, Puget Sound, Rice (3x), Rutgers, Tufts (2x), Stanford (2x), Syracuse, UVA, Wake Forest (8x), and Yale (2x). Why the aversion to unique essay topics? I could rant about how students are lazy or haven’t received sufficient training in thinking for themselves or thinking creatively.   I could suggest that if our educational system did a better job on these fronts, and with teaching writing in general, students would not avoid writing essays that challenged them to invest time and thought.   I could also suggest that students don’t start their application process far enough ahead of time to ensure they have the time and attention for some uncommon essay questions. All of those things might be true, but I am more interested in the schools’ logic behind asking unusual question such as “What does Play-Doh have to do with Plato?” (U Chicago), “What is your favorite ride at the amusement park?   How does this reflect your approach to life?” (Emory University), “Imagine you have to wear a costume for a year of your life.   What would you pick and why?” (Brandeis University), and “What would you do with a free afternoon tomorrow?” (Yale). Why the inclination toward unique essay topics? Colleges may be showing themselves to be current with the times, as suggested in The new college-admission essay: Short and tweet(ish).   Some applications ask for short essay answers of 25 words, such as “My favorite thing about last Tuesday” (University of Maryland), perhaps catering to the Twitter generation.   Tufts, George Mason and the University of Dayton allow prospective students to submit a video essay instead of a written one.   Students might jump at the chance to communicate in ways that are spreading like wildfire in the world of social media. The right fit In the College Confidential discussion, most students reported that they dropped schools not simply because of the essay requirements but because there was an additional reason the school was not a good fit.   Some were not excited about their on-campus visit.   Some realized when they were asked why they wanted to attend a particular school that they had no good reason.   Conversely, some students reported taking on writing difficult essays because a school was their clear first choice.   Some loved writing the very same essays that sent other students away (Wake Forest and Chicago essays included).   And one student actually rejected a school (Wash U in St. Louis) because they did not ask a supplemental essay question!   He thought the school was trying to increase its U.S. News rankings by encouraging applications.   Not surprisingly, two other students applied to Wash U (as well as to many other schools â€" Dartmouth, Harvard, and William Mary to name a few) because of the simpl icity of their essay requirements. Perhaps colleges like Wake Forest and U Chicago are shooting themselves in the foot.   Several anecdotes appeared in the College Confidential discussion about students who got accepted into one school with a simple application (Harvard, for instance) while they were still working on essays for another school.   Schools with longer or more complex essay requirements might be losing some qualified and motivated students in addition to the ones who just don’t care enough to jump through the hoops. Yet for most schools, it appears that they are doing a good job of weeding out applicants.   If an Honors application intimidates you, that’s a very good sign that you are not meant to be in that program.   If an essay challenge makes you realize that you’re not up for that challenge, regardless of the reason, then that school has done you and itself a favor.   What a great strategy for winnowing down the number of applications to a pool of students who will face an extra challenge or two because they want so much to go to a particular school. As one member of College Confidential, stated, “Frankly, there are too many well-rounded, excellent students applying to the best universities to distinguish a select few without asking stranger, creative questions. Its there that you begin to see a students personality and thats what gets you in.” Are essay questions scaring you away from a school?   Maybe it’s time to get some help.   If you want to brainstorm with a professional about what you could write in response to some of these wacky questions, contact The Essay Expert.   We’ll be happy to help.

Gender Identity Essay - 1288 Words

Gender Identity Gender identity has always been a controversial subject because everyone has a different opinion or feeling about the subject, but until everyone fully understands the immense history, the different types of identities, laws that have been passed and changed over the years, money that has been spent, bullying that takes place every single day, or the hundreds of controversies that have been argued about the issue one will never begin to understand the actual subject of gender identity. Both sexual orientation and gender identity cover the areas between the male-typical and female-typical poles. These can also be classified as the binary genders. Homosexuality can be considered to be associated with gender-atypical†¦show more content†¦Gender identity will continue to change the world, just as it has for decades. In today’s society, there are girls who play sports and boys who decide to dance. Children are no longer growing up in the same world their pa rents did, where gender roles were clearly divided. But even in today’s society, there are times when classifying as boy or girl makes a difference in how children experience the world (What’s Your†¦). Gender could be considered a sliding scale, with a wide variety of options that cover beyond just male and female. Some transgender individuals prefer the word non-binary, because it represents all levels of this scale. Other terms like genderqueer or gender nonconforming, also represent a mix of male and female, or the sense of having no gender at all (Vorenberg). People typically think about transgender as meaning gender reversal, where someone identifies as the opposite sex from their birth sex. But transgender is an umbrella term used to cover a wide variety of people whose gender identity is different from the one they were assigned at birth. One of the first Americans to fight in the courts for recognition as non-binary is Jamie Shupe. Shupe made history after a ruling made them the first Brittain person in the U. S. to be legally allowed to identify as neither male nor female. Shupe believed their gender identity was more feminine than masculine, but was not interested in changingShow MoreRelatedGender Identity Essay965 Words   |  4 PagesGender Identity Society should be more open minded with the topic of gender identity. Our society does not like rapid changes when they are publicly made; there is always a dispute or an opposition against those unexpected changes. The LGBTQIA+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, and asexual) community is the â€Å"rapid change† that society finds difficult to deal with. Although, this community has always existed, but it has never been publicly recognized like it is today. Gender IdentityRead MoreEssay Gender Identity1902 Words   |  8 PagesGender Identity Gender identity is an extremely relevant topic today. Many people have their own ideas on what is right and what is wrong for each gender to act, and these people are very vocal and opinionated about their ideas. One recent controversial story about gender identity was when a couple refused to tell anybody whether their child named Storm was a boy or a girl. Their oldest child, Jazz, who was originally born male, â€Å"always gravitated to dresses, the colour pink and opted for long hairRead MorePersuasive Essay On Gender Identity1719 Words   |  7 PagesThe struggle for equality has been intense, and still continues to this day. With this being said, much progress has been made in establishing respect and external acceptance for all individuals sense of identity. For example, in 2015 the Supreme Court ruled in favor of Same Sex Marriages, marking a pivotal point in the civil rights movement for the LGBTQ community. For many, this act helped to support their sense of self, a righ t that been denied for so long. The United States effectively validatedRead More Gender Identity Disorder Essay1594 Words   |  7 PagesGender, Sex, Sexuality: Separate and NOT equal. First and foremost, a few key terms to keep in mind while reading this paper. Sex†: refers to the biological and physiological characteristics that define men and women.[1] â€Å"Gender†: refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviors, activities, and attributes that a given society considers appropriate for men and women.[2] â€Å"Gender identityâ€Å": an individuals self-conception as being male or female, as distinguished from actual biologicalRead MoreEssay about Gender Dysphoria Caused by Gender Identity776 Words   |  4 Pages Gender Dysphoria caused by Gender Identity Introduction Gender as defined by society as a division between biological sex and the roles you must take on in society. In reality gender is a true spectrum that does not follow a simple linear pattern. There are three major aspects that make a person who they are inside. These aspects are Sex, Gender and Gender Identity. Gender Identity Gender identity is basically the concept that gender is not easily divided into two classic genders as isRead More Gender Identity and Social Structures Essay examples1293 Words   |  6 PagesGender Identity and Social Structures What is meant by identity? Firstly this essay is going to explore what is meant by identity. Identity is made up of individual characteristics by which a person is known. Internal factors such as physical appearance, personality, mental ability and sex would have an effect on a person’s identity. Then there are the external factors such as family, class, religion, culture, occupation and nationality which would influence one’s identity. Then, even beyondRead MoreGender Identity Disorder Essays1031 Words   |  5 PagesLiving a life feeling out of place, with the wrong feelings, and in the wrong body, for a person with Gender Identity Disorder, this is how they feel day to day. According to the DSM-IV-TR, Gender Identity Disorder is characterized by a strong, persistent cross-gender identification, persistent discomfort with his or her sex or sense of inappropriateness in their gender role of that sex. According to the American Psychiatric Association (APA), children, adolescents and adults who exhibit a preoccupationRead More Psychological Positions on Gender Identity Essay1901 Words   |  8 Pagespsychological positions on gender identity. These positions are; binary gender identity and diverse gender identity. After I have explained both positions I will analyze the two and put forth my argument that diverse gender identity captures a more accurate depiction of gender. This psychologically charged debate over gender identity and its presence in society has taken the form of intuitions over social necessity. In where one side is arguing that traditional binary gender norms are no longer relevantRead MoreHow Is Gender Identity Influenced by Social Structures? Essay1292 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is meant by identity? Firstly this essay is going to explore what is meant by identity. Identity is made up of individual characteristics by which a person is known. Internal factors such as physical appearance, personality, mental ability and sex would have an affect on a persons identity. Then there are the external factors such as family, class, religion, culture, occupation and nationality which would influence ones identity. Then, even beyond all these personal and social structures,Read MoreEssay about Factors That Influence Gender Identity756 Words   |  4 PagesIdentity is most simply defined as a persons own sense of self; their personal sense of who they are. Identity development is intrinsically linked with adolescence because, according to Santrock citing Marcia Carpendale, ...for the first time, physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional development advance to the point at which the individual can sort through and synthesize childhood identities and identifications to construct a viable path toward adult maturity. We often see the results of this

The Temperance Movement Of The Early 1900 S - 1934 Words

During the early 1900’s America was in its â€Å"Gilded Age†. The economy was booming and everyone seemed to be happy from the outside. But, there were many problems going on in the United States. In the factories where most people worked there were corrupt bosses, the people were overworked and there was child labor. The only salvation that these people had was to drink. The workers drank to calm down and feel no pain. But this destroyed families because they were almost constantly drunk. They would sometimes lose their only job because of the drinking. So, a lot of religious groups and many women started the temperance movement. There have been many people who have supported temperance in the past and it dates all the way back to when the Bible was written. Eventually the 18th Amendment was passed on January 26th 1919. This amendment was known as the â€Å"Noble Experiment†. This turned out to be a complete failure. This law was impossible to enforce because of the corrupt police and there was alcohol almost everywhere. In this paper I will go over alcohol use, attempts to fight alcohol abuse, and the rise in crime due to the money that could be made in corruption. Alcohol has been around for ages. There is evidence of alcohol in China in 7,000 b.c. The average amount of calories in a glass of beer is 150 calories, 125 calories for a glass of wine, and 100 calories for liquor. Fermented beverages have been around for thousands of years. They existed in early EgyptianShow MoreRelatedHistory, Social Factors and Economic Impac of the Prohibition of Alcohol in the United States1490 Words   |  6 PagesUnited States in the early 1900’s. Cocaine was used as an anesthesia and medication in the early days of America until the drug was abused, and the legislature of the day deemed cocaine a dangerous drug. Americans would lose interest in cocaine until the 1960’s and then the drug would become even more popular in the 1980’s (Spillane, 1998). Today cocaine is one of the most prominent substances in the war on drugs. Alcohol today is a staple in American culture. In the 1800’s Americans would findRead MoreProhibition in Usa 1900-19301027 Words   |  5 Pagesthe 1900’s The prohibition was brought on by the strong temperance movement happening in America in the early 1900’s. These groups were devout Christians who vowed to be sober as they saw the affect alcohol had on families. But the members of this movement campaigned for everyone to give up alcohol. The arguments of the Temperance groups were so strong that they eventually convinced state governments to prohibit the sale and produce of alcohol in their state. Politicians backed this movement asRead MoreThe Temperance Movement Essay1374 Words   |  6 PagesTemperance Movement What was the purpose of the Temperance Movement and Prohibition on alcohol? The Temperance Movement was an anti-alcohol movement. The Temperance Movement took place back in the early 20th century. The Christian abolitionists who fought slavery also prayed to the same God to end the scourge of alcohol. The purpose of the Temperance Movement was to try to abolish alcohol in the early 1900’s. â€Å"’We Sang Rock of Ages‘: Frances Willard Battles Alcohol in the late 19th Century† (Willard)Read MoreProhibition : America s Unhappy Hour Essay1726 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican culture. Whether beer at the baseball game, wine from Napa Valley, or bourbon from Kentucky, alcohol has shaped American culture. The rise in immigration during the late 1800s and early 1900s led to towns establishing saloons in order to lure in potential customers and boost the local economy. By 1900, there were nearly 300,000 saloons—Kansas City alone had over 100 saloons for ever y one person (Okrent 27). These quickly became associated with vice and excess, and often doubled as casinosRead MoreSusan B. Anthony : An American Icon1462 Words   |  6 Pagesfor equality. Susan B. Anthony is an American icon known for her work with the Women Suffrage Movement she influenced the American culture and brought all American women a better future. Her legacy sculpted feminism and helped the community pave the way to equality. Susan B. Anthony was born an activist her family being involved in the Anti-Slavery Movement she developed her strong moral compass early and wanted to bring equality for all. She was born February 15, 1820 in Adams, Massachusetts intoRead MoreThe Roaring 20 s Era Of Growth And Reform1309 Words   |  6 PagesThe era of the 1920s, also known as the Roaring 20’s, was a revolutionary time in which radical changes struck the American nation, drastically increasing advances in society and economy. New and different forms of dance, music, clothing, behavior, and lifestyle were developed nationwide. The Antebellum Period in the late 1700s increased rebellion, similar to the Roaring 20’s era of growth and reform. As this time period brought profound changes, conflict, cultural excitement, and experimentationRead MoreThe Women s Suffrage Movement889 Words   |  4 PagesPresident of NAWSA, led the campaign for women’s suffrage during Wilson s administration. 2. NAWSA: National American Woman Suffrage Association. Founded by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony to secure the vote for women. 3. True Womanhood: (1820s-1840s) Idea that the ideal woman should possess the traits of piety, purity, domesticity submissiveness. 4. President Woodrow Wilson: Was against the women’s suffrage movement. 5. Jeannette Rankin (Montana): In 1916, before women could legallyRead MoreAnalysis Of Mabel s Strange Predicament1447 Words   |  6 PagesMabel s Strange Predicament is a 1914 American comedy film starring Charles Chaplin, famously known for being the first time Chaplin wears the tramp costume. The movie was token place in a hotel lobby. A drunk man, the tramp, runs into Mabel and tries to engage in a conversation. Mabel walks away and goes on a date with her lover. Once Mabel returns, she goes to her room and plays with her dog. While leaving her room for a quick moment, the door closes and she gets locked out in her pajamas. TheRead More absolut Failure Essay1685 Words   |  7 Pages The 1920’s was a time of major social change in the United States. The social changes during this period are reflected in the laws and regulations that were implemented. One of the most prominent examples of this was prohibition. The 18th Amendment to the Constitution, or the Volsted act as it is also know, was implemented to eliminate the use of alcohol in the United States. In doing this, the advocates of prohibition hoped to also eradicate the social problems associated with alcohol. â€Å"It wasRead MoreAmerica s First Narcotics War Essay1262 Words   |  6 PagesAround the 1900’s the United States was being flooded with multiple feelings, which created an ongoing battle between tension and morals. These conflicts contributed to what is known as the â€Å"noble experiment†, which involved alcoholic products. These continuing conflicts left the population feeling unstable. Instead of dealing with these problems at hand our nation decided to turn to the state for a helping hand. Struggling with a mass immigration increase and the rise to industrialism and capitalism

A Modern Day Sleeping Beauty Free Essays

Once upon a time there lived a young couple who had found true love and were bound together by fate. His name was Brian and hers was Melody. They lived it the beautiful city of Anchorage, Alaska. We will write a custom essay sample on A Modern Day Sleeping Beauty or any similar topic only for you Order Now Brian was a C-17 Pilot stationed at Elmendorf AFB and Melody a 1st grade teacher at local school. Melody was a beautiful sight; her body was athletic, her hair fell over her shoulders and was highlighted to the most beautiful blonde, her skin was flawless and her eyes were blue but not an ordinary blue; like a tropical ocean and they sparkled like the water when the sun hit it. Brian wasn’t so bad himself. He was what all girls dreamed prince charming to be. He was tall and worked out often; his muscles could be seen through his shirt, his hair was dark, his skin tan, and one could get lost in his piercing green eyes. Brian and Melody spent every chance they had together outside of their busy schedules. They went on evening walks together and early morning jogs. They sat on their front porch and watched the sun rise and set in the beautiful snow covered Mountains of Anchorage. Most weekends the couple would make time for dinner and a movie. Brian and Melody were made for each other. Even a stranger could clearly see the love they had for each other would never die. (Sight Touch) It was a cold brisk night in late December; the weather had changed in a matter of hours. The wind rose with a backing wind, it brought a clouded sky and a heavy snowstorm with it. A pallor of winter evening seemed to have closed upon the city, cloaking it in a blanket of snow. Brian and Melody were returning home after eating dinner at the Olive Garden and watching the movie â€Å"The Black Swan†. They had enjoyed their night out at dinner and a movie. The aroma of garlic wafted through the air from the white styrofoam box filled with Sicilian Scampi and the delightful flavor of light buttery popcorn remained in their mouths as if they were still indulging on it. The weather brought the worst driving conditions; (Sight) everything around them seemed to disappear in a thick white haze through which large snowflakes of snow were flying; the sky merged with the earth. (Hear) The wind blew with freezing blasts and such force it howled around the car as it faded out the music playing over the radio. The vehicle swayed while Brian fought to regain the road that was now a snowdrift burying the yellow and white painted lines. The challenging road conditions were inviting collision as other cars overtook the wrong side of the road and had a complete disregard for speed limits. Brian deeply concentrated and felt comfortable driving his 4 wheel drive Rubicon in these conditions. Breaking his concentration; Melody frantically shouted, â€Å"Brian, that truck, he is in our lane†! Brian didn’t have time to react, â€Å"Crash†. The airbags deployed while the jeep flipped end over end and slid on the white blanket of snow that was once the road. The jeep came to a stop landing on its roof, the windows were busted out and the headlights shinned directly at the truck that had hit them. The Ford F-150 sat upright sideways in the road. It took a moment for Brian to come to reality with what had just happened. He glanced over at his wife who still sat there restrained, unconscious and bleeding severely from her head. He could hear the sirens of an Ambulance and Fire Truck off in the distance. Before he knew it he and Melody were being rushed to the hospital in an Ambulance. Brian lay there in the back of an Ambulance suffering only minor injuries. Melody lay across from him. Time seemed to stand still while he watched the Paramedics try to revive his wife. He shouted at the Paramedics, â€Å"do something, do something! † â€Å"Please do something; please don’t let my wife die! † They arrived at the hospital in what seemed to take hours to Brian. The Paramedics were able to get Melody’s heart beating but she was still unconscious. Brian paced back and forth up and down the hospital halls as his wife underwent surgery. The Dr. finally came out and said, â€Å"I have good news and bad, your wife seems to be stable but she is in a coma that could be indefinite. † â€Å"Indefinite†, Brian shouted! The Dr. attempted to calm Brian and Explained, â€Å"I can’t promise that she won’t wake up but it may take a miracle. She could wake up tomorrow, she could wake up in a month or she could be a Modern day Sleeping Beauty†. The following months felt like years to Brian. Melody lay there in a deep sleep and Brian remained by her side. Brian would speak to her softly while clasping her hand or pinching er fingers; He would tell her he loved her and beg her to wake up. He played songs the couple had danced to from their wedding and read to her from her favorite books. Often Brian would run his hands through Melody’s long blonde hair admiring her beauty dreaming of a future they had planned. The Dr. ’s showed little hope that Melody would ever wake up but Brian never gave up believing. Six long Months had passed and summer had come. Brian was at his last wit and desperate. One late night Brian said a prayer for his wife as he did every night before. Then he leaned over her bedside and pleaded, â€Å"Melody if you can hear me, please just give me a kiss. † What happened next was beyond Brian’s wildest dreams. To his shock Melody responded; slowly she turned her head towards his, puckered up her lips and gave him the smallest kiss. At that moment fate was sealed tightly, bound by one simple kiss and they lived happily ever after. â€Å"You can’t stop fate; â€Å"Whatever will be, will be†. Life presents unavoidable risks. You can’t stop the fate of True Love; it is also unavoidable. True Love is worth believing in and True Love never dies. How to cite A Modern Day Sleeping Beauty, Essay examples

Ethical Issue in Exposing Security Flaws

Question: Discuss about theEthical Issue in Exposing Security Flaws. Answer: Introduction: Issues in Softwares and hardwares in information technology are the reasons behind the increasing privacy and security concerns for the individuals as well as organizations [1]. It is the ethical responsibility of employees like Mike Lynn of X-Force to discuss and alert users about the flaw in the different systems. Following report highlights the role of Mike Lynn and justification of his ethical role in the scenario. Moreover, the role of Cisco and ISS in the scenario and other reasonable approach to resolve this ethical role is also contained in this report. 1. Analyzing the whole situation it can be said that, the course of action selected by him was correct. As an IT professional he decided to inform people about the worm threat related to Cisco routers, which can affect the whole internet network of an organization or an individual user and create a digital pearl harbor [5]. Moreover, it can be said that as a professional, he decided to inform the world about the worm to save he interest of majority of the people in the society. In the whole incident when Mike started to investigate about the flaws in the internet operating system, he found that it is possible to create a network worm that can propagate itself and attack the network to take control over the internet network. After this he talked with officials of Cisco and ISS to convey the results of investigation at black hat conference [7]. Later both the organizations pulled the plug off and forced mike to talk about another topic in the conference. As a result of it, mike resigned from the organization and discussed the flaws of the Cisco routers in the conference. Being a professional Mike also has some duties and responsibilities towards the society. Therefore he had to choose between two paths, one is to stay silent about the issue and work as a good employee of the organization by harming the interest of majority. Another path was to speak out about the discovery of the worm that can affect the community and damage their property [2]. It is given in the case that, when the companies pulled the plug off from the initiative and forced him to talk on another topic, then Mike resigned from the company to present are discoveries in the conference [4]. This decision makes him a responsible IT professional who stands for his own beliefs and ethical values. Theses ethical values encouraged him to talk about the flaw even though he has to resign from his job to do this. Supporting Arguments for Mike Lynn : Ciscos internet operating system that powers most of its routers all around the world is vulnerable to the attacks of a worm that can propagate it and control the network [3]. Therefore for a professional with ethics it is important for Mike Lynn to disclose the flaws to the world so that preventive ways and developments can be done to mitigate or minimize the damage due to the network worm. Opposing Arguments against Mike Lynn: On the contrary, many of the industry representatives argue that, disclosure of this security flaws makes a hackers work much easier [6]. At the same time it can be stated that information about the security flaws helps the users to tackle them in an effective way. 2. In the case study it is seen that both the companies (Cisco and ISS) at first agreed about the presentation of Mike. But just before the day of presentation they pulled the plug off and filed a suit against mike and Black hat [1]. Companies acted in an unethical manner by pressurizing mike no to disclose the vulnerability in a public domain. It was like a war between what is right and doing it in a right way. Analysis of their Role According to the Cisco and ISS, mike should not have disclosed those flaws. As a reason they stated that, this can effect on their business and reputation. They also stated that mike has stolen the codes which can be exploited by the hackers. But the truth was he has not given away the exploit codes [4]. Moreover, the employees of Cisco are also unable to create and exploit by the provided information. Supporting arguments for the companies: As a renowned company in the sector of Information technology Cisco and ISS tries to hide their trade secrets and weaknesses so that they can have completive advantage in the market [3]. Therefore, when a flaw in their routers is found they tried to hide it from the users as well as hackers so that they can not intrude into the users networks. Opposing arguments for Cisco and ISS: This era is known as era of information therefore, if there is any flaw in the systems then it can be used by hackers intrude and steal data. Therefore it is important for the organizations like Cisco and ISS to inform their customers about the flaws so that they can take preventive measures for those flaws [2]. More Reasonable Approach to Resolve the Ethical Issue Another reasonable approach to resolve the ethical issues in this kind of situations is better communication between the involved parties. If the ethical issue or problem is addressed calm and proper way it is possible to evade animosity among the parties. ] in the communication process all the involved parties should drop their ego for the sake of better security and patch management of the routers. Everything that is ethical is not always legal [5]. Therefore if Mike Lynn and the companies have better communication between them then the whole problem may have solved in a better way by providing patches to the customers. Conclusion In his disclosure Mike explained the severity of the flaw in the Cisco systems. He explained that having control over a host machine, the attacker only gets the machine controls, on the other hand if attacker gets control over the router then they can make changes to data traffic that is flowing over the router. This case illustrates that a simple decision by a researcher (Mike Lynn) to present what he knows can be very complicated both legally and ethically. Therefore it is important to communicate with each other to avoid the issues related to ethics. References [1]R. McMillan, "Black Hat: ISS researcher quits job to detail Cisco flaws",InfoWorld, 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.infoworld.com/article/2671541/security/black-hat--iss-researcher-quits-job-to-detail-cisco-flaws.html. [Accessed: 22- Aug- 2016]. [2]"Cisco, ISS file suit against rogue researcher",Securityfocus.com, 2005. [Online]. Available: https://www.securityfocus.com/news/11259. [Accessed: 22- Aug- 2016]. [3]"Daily News - Google News Archive Search",News.google.com, 2016. [Online]. Available: https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1241dat=20050808id=OoJTAAAAIBAJsjid=UoYDAAAAIBAJpg=4590,5551051hl=en. [Accessed: 22- Aug- 2016]. [4]"Cisco Harasses Security Researcher - Schneier on Security",Schneier.com, 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2005/07/cisco_harasses.html. [Accessed: 22- Aug- 2016]. [5]"Detection and prevention of stack buffer overflow attacks",Dl.acm.org, 2016. [Online]. Available: https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1096004. [Accessed: 22- Aug- 2016]. [6]D. Lim and T. Kim, "Modeling discovery and removal of security vulnerabilities in software system using priority queueing models",Journal of Computer Virology and Hacking Techniques, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 109-114, 2014. [7]E. Casey, "Case study: Network intrusion investigation lessons in forensic preparation",Digital Investigation, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 254-260, 2005. [8]Citeseerx.ist.psu.edu, 2016. [Online]. Available: https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.97.7449rep=rep1type=pdf#page=85. [Accessed: 22- Aug- 2016].

Night Mare Essays - Del Rey Books, Magic In Fiction, Night Mare

Night Mare This book is called Night Mare. It is written by Piers Anthony. In this book, the nextwave of barbarian warriors invade a place called Xanth ravaging and destroying as they advanced. But a Mare named Imbrium has her own problems. She has started to mishandle her job of delivering bad dreams. Now the Night Stallion dismissed her, exiling her to the day world. Piers Anthony is the pen name of Piers Anthony Dillingham Jacob. He was born on August 6th, 1934 in Oxford England. He has written over 100 novels in the genres of science fiction, fantasy, horror, and martial arts. Some of his other books include, Split Infinity and Changing the Lady. In Xanth, deserving people receive nightmares. They are delivered by "Night Mares" from the gourd. The gourd resembles a Mundane squash with a hole on the surface. If one peeps into the hole, they become entranced into the gourd. Their body stays outside, but their soul goes into the land of the gourd. The only way to be released, is if someone blocks the victims' view of the peephole. Inside the gourd there are several sections, the graveyard, the city of Brassies and all kinds of spooky stuff. When you go into the gourd and then leave, when you look at the peephole again it takes you right back to the place you left. Inside the gourd is where nightmares are made. Nightmares are each constructed for each individual who is to receive it. People must have nightmares. If they didn't, they wouldn't have any consciences. Nightmares make you a better person. The Night Stallion is in charge of the gourd. He assigns the nightmares to the "Night Mares" who deliver the bad dreams all over Xanth and sometimes Mundania. Night Mares are solid black and are immortal. They phase out in the darkness and travel all night delivering nightmares. You can tell that one has been there by the hoof prints they leave behind. The most famous Night Mare is Mare Imbrium. She had always had a secret desire to see a rainbow. Since Night Mares can not be out in the day, she had never seen one. After she received half a soul, which ruined her, she no longer had the right attitude to deliver her nightmares with the malice in which they were to be delivered. So the Night Stallion fired her and sent her to day duty. Day Mares deliver day dreams. They also have been known to show up in Mundania. After she became a Day Mare, Mare Imbrium was told by the Night Stallion to deliver a message "beware the horseman". This started an adventure that consisted of saving the whole of Xanth. I hated this book because it is a science fiction book and it was so boring to read. Although it kept me going for a couple of chapters, it got really hard to read after about the fourth chapter. Night Mare is written by Piers Anthony. I didn't like the book very much because it is a science fiction. It was about Night Mares that bring bad dreams to people that deserve them.

The Trafalgar Company

The Trafalgar Company The organization’s mission, vision and new business strategy: For fifty- years Trafalgar Company had a very successful tradition of producing a popular consumer product. Its name and its product were synonymous in public’s mind due to its quality and strong market position. Its basic product is sold throughout the world and can be used in variety of applications.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Trafalgar Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Initially, the competition came mainly from American and Japanese companies and also from German and English producers. However, with its superb distribution system and centralised manufacturing, the competitors were not able to provide the wide range of quality product and consumer services. Now the company is facing competition from worldwide producers, the quality and price of the competitive products are threatening the company’s market position. T rafalgar’s fundamental principle was to maintain the market share, as a result demanded price adjustments, due to the current market situation. The core Mission of the company is to retain the strong market position that the company use to have before the onset of the worldwide competition by providing quality product at less than the price of the competitor and to retain the faith of its customers. The company’s vision is to provide the market with the better quality product at more affordable price than the competitors. Create an outstanding value for the customers and the stakeholders. Regularly researching and developing new and better products. Always stay ahead from the competitors. And in achieving the vision not forgetting the man force that helped in the success of the company’s Mission. For achieving this, the company has to make drastic changes in the current work practise in the company. It needs to reduce the personnel, find people who are really br ight and competent and who share the same vision. Increase productivity by developing new cost effective manufacturing methods. Earlier, each and every product was produced internally, resulting in higher cost of production. But now they have to look for suppliers and reduce its cost. They have to create a customer centric business model. They need to carry out customer-driven novelty and to be close to the customers. They also need to listen to their customers and associate with them and establish better customer value.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Impact of the new organizational model on the human resources strategy: To support the organisational goal in an effective manner, the human resource department also has to make major changes in their strategy. They should move from purely transactional role to more tactical role that is accepted, appreciated and che rished by the organization. In broad summary, the new strategy should be based on the four key themes: Transforming the way deferent departments does the business by: Integrating their activities more closely Changing the balance of work and head count Making worth appointments and helping those appointed to thrive Updating current systems and developing new and more effective ones. Clearly defining functions, accounting and measurement systems. Focusing on performance and delivery in operations. Monitoring and measuring progress by reporting system that is based on relevant and transparent performance indicators. Taking the unique business and support role the departments have with the company to a higher level and occupying the logical and influential high ground in humanitarian diplomacy (Human Resource Management Strategy, n.d., Para 3) People are the company’s primary asset and the company’s directive can only be realised through the ability, zeal and dedica tion of its staff. The HR practices need to be improved in how to recruit and develop staff; the working conditions the company offers; and the manner in which they readily embrace the fundamental principles and humanitarian values of the company. ((Human Resource Management Strategy, n.d., Para 5) The HR department should make sure that all appointees should go through intensive induction and training in the company. It should recruit, place and develop high quality international managers. HR department should ensure that the salaries and benefits remain competitive for this purpose benchmarking exercise should be carried out from time to time (Human Resource Management Strategy, n.d., Para 6). HR department should have strong and innovative systems, procedure and practices that should be fair, comprehensive and transparent.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Trafalgar Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Desi gn a staffing strategy that will meet the needs of the organizations changing work environment: Strategic staffing is the process of knowing and dealing with the staffing implications of business plans and strategies. Following are some tactics to be followed for staffing which will be suitable in the company’s changing work environment (Bechet, n.d., Para 2): Classify the number and types of employees who are required to execute such plans effectively. Knowing about the staffing resources which are currently available. Analyzing the supply of talent which will be available at that point when requirements have been defined as retirements, planned movement etc. Recognising difference between damand and supply. Creating and executing staffing plans which are helpful to remove talent gaps and reduce extras. Implementing more pragmatic approaches to strategic staffing can give high quality results that organizations need (Bechet, n.d., Para 8).Following are some more ways to im prove the strategic staffing process: Staffing should not be considered from an implementation perspective. It is also a planning perspective (Bechet, n.d., Para 11). Orgnisations feel that plans should be created for each and every unit but this should not be the case rather focus should be only on those areas where strategies are really required (Bechet, n.d., Para 12 13). If each unit is said to provide the same information regarding staffing where common template is being used, at the same time, in the same year, then it brings consistency to the approach. Keeping this in mind, the HR staffing manager should tailor the process for each issue (Bechet, n.d., Para 17). The HR staffing manager should focus on a particular position not all positions. Generally some organisations try to develop staffing strategies which include all jobs though every job does not require to be dealt with from a strategic perspective. While applying such strategy the organisation needs to be proactive and it also needs time to respond (Bechet, n.d., Para 19). While creating staffing strategies, the plans should be kept separate and distinctive. The HR staffing manager should create plans which are at the same level as the company’s problem solution (Bechet, n.d., Para 24). The HR staffing manager should define the staffing implications when there is any change expected (Bechet, n.d., Para 28). His focus should be on planning not reporting (Bechet, n.d., Para 30). Whatever data exists should be used fully (Bechet, n.d., Para 37). Reference List Bechet, TP. Developing Staffing StrategiesThat Work: Implementing Pragmatic, Nontraditional Approaches. Retrieved from http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/UN/UNPAN021815.pdf Human resource management strategy. International Federation of Red Cross and Red  Crescent Societies. Retrieved from https://www.ifrc.org/docs/appeals/annual10/MAA0003410p.pdf

Castle's Family Restaurant Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Castle's Family Restaurant - Research Paper Example However, smaller from should outsource such activities and the choice of the vendor should be done after evaluation of its past performance. Introduction Castle’s Family Restaurant, a small group with under 350 workers has eight units which require the HR manager to travel frequently to each of the units to interact with the workers. Human resources are the greatest asset of the firm and an organization would need to invest in it to develop the capabilities. In the hospitality sector particularly, human resources must have unique capabilities to be able to deliver excellent service. Staff retention is a critical issue in the hospitality sector. The organization is considering implementation of HRIS which could help the organization save costs while reducing staff turnover. This study evaluates the types of HRIS that would best help the organization to retain staff. Stage I Business Assessment Family restaurant, a part of the hospitality sector, is a high potential, high-compet ition sector. While demand is high, staff attrition rate is also high. Prolonged job stress and high employee burn-out lead to high staff turnover in the sector (Buick & Thomas, 2001). It thus becomes absolutely essential for Castle’s Family Restaurant to attract, motivate and retain staff. This perhaps prompts the HR and the operations manager to travel to each of the eight restaurants every week to take care of scheduling, recruiting, hiring, and interacting with the staff. While the number of staff is not very high, managing staff at eight different locations can be challenging. It is essential to satisfy their queries and listen to them. Travelling every week is not cost-effective apart from the time taken in travelling. Therefore an alternative feasible solution has to be devised. Identification of problems The main HR functions that need attention at Castle’s Family Restaurant include task scheduling, recruitments, payroll preparations and answering the questions of the staff. While each of these tasks can be handled through the implementation of HRIS, staff retention is critical to service in this sector. Most of the staff is part-time, which adds to the challenge of retaining staff. The hospitality industry requires staff with strong practical skills and soft people management skills rather than analytical skills (Connolly & McGing, 2006). The staff has queries of day-to-day operations as well as queries related to personal issues. Each of these needs to be addressed timely as it makes the staff feel their concerns are addressed and paid heed to. Staff retention implies staff motivation and talent management to ensure continuity. Listening to their concerns is a great motivator and a good listener is one who encourages the people to express. Staff retention is essential to ensure service quality in the hospitality sector. Lower staff attrition also results in higher base of organizational knowledge and less deterioration of experiential l earning (Bontis & Fitz-Enz, 2002). Constant turnover also impacts the dynamics of staff interaction. High staff turnover also results in recurring costs in recruitment and training. HRIS needs assessment HR functions have now been transformed to digital formats and technology is yet to be optimally

Critically discuss how THREE selected environmental tools or methods Essay

Critically discuss how THREE selected environmental tools or methods could be applied to minimise the environmental impacts of - Essay Example Wind farms with many of such structures occupy a lot of space on the landscape. Onshore wind farms are always about three kilometres away from the shoreline. The turbines in these farms are located in hilly areas since wind blows heavily on hilly areas. Wind turbines cause landscape and visual effects depending on their number at a particular area, their height, size and colour. The effects may also depend on their site tracks, buildings, their grid connection, and â€Å"transmission lines† (Murgante et al., 2011). According to Ottmar et al (2011), wind turbines have a number of impacts on the environment. These include visual impacts, noise impacts, effects on land use, and effects on the birds that live around the wind farms. In addition, there are electronic interferences and constraints on the natural reserve areas. During the construction of a wind turbine, there are some pollutants that released into the atmosphere. The wind turbines are seen to be very noisy and they ar e also unsightly, thereby interfering with the natural beauty of â€Å"the landscape.† Sustainable Development Commission (2009) disagrees that wind farms are noisy and explains that the levels of noise from wind farm is equal to the background in rural places at night. Despite their negative impacts on the environment, onshore wind farms play a crucial part in achieving renewable energy targets. However, the many advantages that come with the farms can only be realised if proper planning is done. The contemporary wind farms are mostly large and not only help in environmental conservation, but also bring a lot of benefits to the communities that live around the farms. Among the advantages of using onshore wind farms is that wind is available free of charge and appropriate technology is available to harvest energy from wind as noted by Sustainable Development Commission (2009). Moreover, although the initial costs of installing wind turbines are high, maintenance cost are rela tively low after installation. It can also be used to generate power in rural areas where there is no power connection. Given the varying impacts to the humans, landscape aesthetics and the surrounding environment that implementation of such project poses; it is critical that environmental managers employ tools to manage this impacts. Thompson (2002) lists various tools and methods that can be used for environmental management and environmental performance improvement. To manage the impacts of the 40 turbine onshore wind farm project; EIA, LCA and GIS as the most appropriate environmental management tools. EIA has been selected because it helps to predict the impacts of a project and propose mitigation measures while GIS allows environmental managers make decision based on spatial relationship of features. LCA allows decision makers to carry out a comprehensive assessment of the life cycle of the project thereby facilitating decision making. Environmental Impact Management EIA is a tool used in decision-making whose main purpose is to not only identify and evaluate the likely environmental impacts of a given project (Glasson et al., 2005). EIA is

Risk Management and Work Breakdown Structure

Risk Management and Work Breakdown Structure 1 Introduction This report is to examine the theory of project management and practice of project management techniques which consist of Work Breakdown Structure, Gantt Chart ,risk management and SWOT and PESTLE analysis. Also, the report will show the personal learning experience from the module. Finally, the journal will be comment for project management analysis. 2.1 Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) Work Breakdown Structure is a fundamental project planning technique which is used in the beginning of the project. Also, it was designed to use the systematic methods to break down the whole project into deliverable units. Therefore, it is an effective technique to organize the project for each element. By using work breakdown structure, it is possible to understand the tasks and activities in the project easily which makes the structure more comprehensible. Also, the tasks are able to be conducted by different people or groups individually which improve the efficiency and easier to allocate the responsibilities (Maylor, 2005). Nowadays, Work Breakdown Structure has been admitted to the common and essential tool for project manager who need to manage and monitor the every process in the project. The process is to divide the entire project into several main stages which included many rudimentary tasks in sequence. Every task can be an independent activity (Maylor, 2005). In the work breakdown structure planning process, it needs to be noted that WBS should not be split extremely detailed which will make the structure complex. However, it has been claimed that even Work Breakdown Structure is a practical tool to utilize the project, there are still some problems. The main problem is that the task in different stages is independent to be executed but they are still in the same project (Maylor, 2005). WBS does not show the relationships of tasks between different stages. Therefore, divergence will happen in the different part of project. Moreover, the WBS does not show the time that each task execution needs (Young, 2006). Thus, project managers need to monitor the conflicts and solve the problems during the project execution. Moreover, project managers should use other tools to control the task process time. In the product case study, WBS plays a major role to help group mates easy to break the project into two main parts. One is about Design development and another part is to focus on manufacture and launch plan. Each part has many stages which consist of several tasks. After, it is easy to identify the scope of tasks and make the content of tasks clearer. In order to avoid the conflicts happening, the tasks have been considered to find the sequences in the same states. Each task shows a key step in the project that keeps the WBS structure clear not being complicated. WBS of this project was created by every group mates. Therefore, it was clear to understand the basic elemental and tasks in this project. 2.2 Gantt Chart: Gantt chart is a useful technique which was designed by Henry Gantt. It can be used to represent the time costing of activities in the project (Maylor, 2005). There are two main parts in the Gantt chart. Vertical part is to list the different activities in the project. Horizontal line is to show the time scale from start to end. It can clear identify the time need and time limit. By using different colour, it is easier to make viewer how to understand the time cost of tasks and the time sequence between other activities in the project. (Lock, 2007) Moreover, it is effective tool to overview the duration of each tasks or whole project. Therefore, Gantt is widely used in the project manager to manage the time need. Manager can evaluate the real activities to extend or reduce the time by Gantt chart. However, there are some limitations of Gantt chart. Firstly, Gantt chart is suitable to use on the a small amount of activities of project. If there are numerous tasks in the project, the G antt chart will be complex. Secondly, it is inflexible to revise the time and make change during the project. Due to It will influence the other sequent tasks (Maylor, 2005). Finally, even Garnt chart can provide the time sequence of tasks, it still lack of showing the relationship of interdependence between each task (Lock, 2007). Therefore, Gantt chart is to show the time cost of tasks but does not improve the resource arrangement (Maylor, 2005). In the case study, Gantt chart was used to arrange to time management to ensure the project that can be finished in the limited time. It is easy to draw by computer or hand and clearly identifies the order of task executions. The time cost will be influential fact in the case and Gantt chart help the project manager or group member to effectively plan or monitor project (Thomsett, 2009). It also make executors clearly understand the timeline to finish the tasks on time. 2.3 Risk Management Project risk management is an essential part of project management that ensure the result and the profitability that are correctly produced by processes. There are variety of uncertain fact and risks in the project (Young, 2006). The aim of risk management is to reduce the risk to treat the project and minimize the influence. Moreover, most risks are not unexpected and uncontrolled. In other words, the risk can be indentify and quantify to be controlled. There are many risk identification methods such as key risk symptoms, External source, TCQ analysis and assumption. By using quantification techniques, the risks can be measure and demonstrate by likelihood, effect, hide-ability (Maylor, 2005). Thus, it can be estimated or avoid. By Adjustment to alter the possible result is another scheme. In addition, insurance is a feasible method in the modern society. Therefore, risk management processes include the identification of the risk, quantifying the risk, prioritising the risk, develop ing the strategy and taking the action. Most of risks which include positive risk and negative risk can be shown and controlled after these analyses (Harries, 2010). Even though process through these steps, the project managers still need to concern about any other influential facts happening and ensure the project as expectation. In case study, the risk management was considered to the one of main assignment conducting from beginning to the end. In the barnstorming meeting, the possible risks were list by group member from high risk to low risk and measure the probabilities of occurrence by scale. To quantify the risks make it easy to tell what is most risky or what most possible fact to impact the project is. Thus, pre-preparing the strategy and solution for each risk to minimize the impact to our project are crucial for the result. 2.4 SWOT and PESTLE Swot is a strategy analysis tool to identify the internal and external facts to the project and organization. It is widely used in the strategy planning work (Haughey 2010).There are four main parts in the SWOT model which includes Strengths, Weakness, Opportunity and weakness. The internal part of SWOT model consists of Strength and Weakness. Project Manager and members can evaluate the current strength and weakness of organization to the project. To list the realistic fact and group ability to appraise the condition are the necessary for planning project strategy. External analysis is made by opportunity and weakness (Bianes P. et al, 2008). External issues will be the influential facts to influence project strategy. It needs to consider that the competitors activities and society issues relate with project development. However, external environment has variety of issue which is completed. Therefore, in order to clarify the environment, PESTLE analysis is effective model to investi gate it. PRESTLE consist of Political, Economic Social-culture, Technology, Legal and Ecological. However, it has been admitted that SWOT framework has been popular in the business and some of disadvantage that has been claimed and need to be overcome (Haughey, 2010). Firstly, there is no any process to re-thinking whether the output strategies are practical or not. Secondly, there is no priority in the framework. It is hard to tell the importance of each strategy. However, SWOT framework has little problems that need to consider and improve. It is still an useful model for strategy analyze. Therefore, using SWOT and PESTLE to determine the situation can explain the current situation clearly but project managers need to pay more attention to make the decision cautiously. To use SWOT and PESTLE in the case study, it is clear to distinguish the internal and external conditions to the organization. Use PESTLE in the case study, it is easy to collect the environment issues which are relative with product and future trend. By analyze the facts, the strategy can be considered to unsure the strategies that there is no conflict to the environment. SWOT model is an efficient methods to plan the strategy. Using strength to analyze with external fact and output the strategy to overcome treats. Also, it can use external facts to supply internal weakness. Therefore, project manager can understand the organization and circumspectly plan the efficient strategy to achieve the aim of project. 3. Project management skill and contribution to the group In the project management, there are many techniques and skills to help project members to manage the case study. Every technique and skill has the particular use to develop the project. Also, each practice of framework was discussed by the team members corporately. How to use the theories is the challenge to the team. The techniques are useful to improve the project and the skills help the work productively. For example, WBS is a practical framework that was not known by the team until the session. It was effective to divide the oyster key project into several tasks. The content of tasks was created by the group mates and the information was searched from the internet and designers in the field which is about the product design that will make the tasks of oyster key project close to the real design project. It shows the skill of solving problem. How to use internal source and external source to solve the problems was learned in the project. Due to the team have no design background that is the challenge to plan the product development process. Use external source is crucial to overcome the tasks. The project process has been considered by the team to show the main stages and activities. In order to keep the WBS clear to be understood, there is no extremely detailed tasks on it and every activity o n WBS is vital in the project. After using WBS, the team understood what the main stages in this project are. Moreover, Risk management was another new knowledge for the team. It was seen the crucial part of the project that monitor the whole project from beginning to end. By assumption to list the possibility, it is relative with the analysis skill. How to find the potential risks from the project process relate to the skill of analysis and organize data. In the beginning of this project, the product of the project needed to be decided. A suitable product was hard to be found that can be agreed by every group mate. Therefore, the situation needed to use communication skill to make a common decision. The author offered the idea about personal experience of need for design product. It was from the perspective of design innovation to improve the human life. It was convinced by other two of group mates. Then, the rest of group mates show their opinion to the idea. It was the communication process to make the different opinion integrate the common decision. In addition, the author is willing to provide the personal working experience to help the group in the process. The opinion from working experience provide the project to improve the integrity of the project which include planning ability to the WBS and Gantt chart, time management, Risk assumption and strategy planning. Meanwhile, the rest of group mate showed the ability of organizer that can efficiently manage the information and document. The rest of group showed the ability of cost estimates. All of these skill make the project more complement to achieve the aim of project. 3.1. Personal Learning and applying in the future Project management is a useful model in the DMU. Honestly, it will be the one of the practical model for postgraduate study in this year. Many techniques and skill have been learnt by session. Case study help the author understand how to practice the techniques in the field. The advice of tutor is helpful to conduct the process of project. Moreover, the most important learning of this model to the author is that how to be a successful project management. Inspiring and leading the group to the common aim is the duty of the project manager. It also relate with the team-building skill. By communication and negotiation skill to produce the effective plan have been the required skills for a manager. During the module, time management is important to ensure the work can be finished on time. In addition, there would be some risks to impact the project. Besides risk management, manager personal ability to handle the pressure is also important. It will be helpful to train the ability to face pressure. Moreover, most of future works can be seen as a project to manage and operate. For instance, risk management can use to evaluate the any decision in the future that is not only in business. The problem solving skill can be the methods to deal with any problem in the life. Thus, the learning from project management will help to benefit the work in the future. 4. Brief Critique of academic journal 4.1 Journal 1 Is more information technology better for new product development? 4.1.1 The aim of research This article shows that the relationship between information technology department and new product development department. There is a growing number of companies which invest a great deal of money on information technology to improve the product quality and reduce cost. The article is to show does the information technology help the product development successfully and how the cooperation works between these two departments. (Durmusoglu et al. 2006). 4.1.2 Prior literatures Prior literatures identified that number of study which are about the internal communication to new product development departments have been examined (Durmusoglu et al. 2006). Porter and Millar (1985) as cited by Durmusoglu et al. (2006) that computer technique is the effective tool to assist the new product development such as product functions, cost reduce and produce speed. Boutellier et al. (1998) as cited by Durmusoglu et al. (2006) that project manager also expected the information technique to support the project team. Meanwhile, they can share information, creativity and personal networks to each other. 4.1.3 Research method The research method was used in this research is survey to collect data. The questionnaires were sent to the top managers of information thchnology department and new product development department of 21 companies. These companies are in the 14 industries such as farm equipment manufacturing, automobile parts and supplies manufacturing, hand tools manufacturing etc (Durmusoglu et al. 2006). This approach was effective to get the depth perspective from the magagers. 4.1.4 Finding The finding show that information technology department support the new product development that can enhance the new product flexibility but also increase the cost. Moreover, the two department managers have the common perception to share the knowledge and information to each other. Finally, even though the Information technology can enhance the product development process, it did not totally equate the increase of sales or outcome to new product (Durmusoglu et al. 2006). 4.1.5 Future use of the research This research reveal that the corporation of information technology and product development department. It also shows the influence of support by technology department. Moreover, cost increase is the main facts that need to be considered in the future. To control cost and increase flexibility will be the concerning issue in the product development process in the future . 4.2 Journal 2 The association among project managers leadership style, teamwork and project success 4.2.1 The aim of research This research is to investigate the relationship between project managers leading style and the influence of teamwork to the project outcome. There are variable of sub facts to impact the project performance like the team size, project type and industry sector(Yang Huang Wu 2010). 4.2.2 Prior literatures Turner and Muller (2005) as cited by Yang Huang Wu (2010) that he impact of project managers leadership style to project performance was ignored in the most of past study. However, there are some study which mention about project managers leading style. Kendra and Taplin (2004) as cited by Yang Huang Wu (2010) leadership behaviors will be the influential reason to the project. Moreover, DuBrin (2004) as cited by Yang Huang Wu (2010) that leadership is an achievement to conduct by communication. 4.2.3 Research method The questionnaire-based were conducted in this survey. There are four section in this survey which include project managers leadership style, teamwork, project performance, and personal information. The respondents composed of project executive, superintendents and higher level project leader Yang Huang Wu (2010). Therefore, the respondents from different work position to answer the questions which make the finding more objective. 4.2.4 Finding The finding in this research show that the leadership style might influence slightly. Also, teamwork is the most significant influence to the outcome. Moreover, different type of project show the different relationship with the group mates (Yang Huang Wu 2010). Even the feeling is hard to correctly measure, the finding still show that the teamwork is really influential in the project. 4.2.5 Future use of the research This report demonstrates that manager need to communicate with the group members and to develop the common attitude to make teamwork work effectively. 4.3 Journal 3 Cost targets and time pressure during new product development 4.3.1 The aim of research The research is to find the impact of cost target time limit to the project. Quality is the main fact to be compare with the two restricted conditions. The outcome of project was tested in this research to find the effective method to product development. 4.3.2 Prior literatures The cost-oriented product was expected by past study. Fisher (1995) as cited by Everaert Bruggeman (2002) that define the target costing is that planning the reducing cost method in the beginning execute the expectable process to cut the cost. Moreover, Kato (1993) as cited by Everaert Bruggeman (2002) show that human play a main roles in the new product development and time reduced plan in the project management has been the source of pressure to most engineer. 4.3.3 Research method The research was conducted in the laboratory to test by experiment. The experiment use the haphazard two-by-two factorial design which to compare the test result. One laboratory was given the cost charge, time limit restriction. It was designed to simulate the real customer requirement. Also, if the engineer only finished the project on time but quality was not achieve the requirement, there is no any rewards (Everaert Bruggeman 2002). By this method, it is easy to tell the impact of restriction to the project. 4.3.4 Finding The finding is that the products which were developed by cost target project did not show the poor quality and reduced. In addition, in the time limited project, engineer have to spent more time to develop the product that result the cost reduced aim were not reduce as expectation(Everaert Bruggeman 2002). 4.3.5 Future use of the research In this case, it shows that it have to be considered the impact of time limit to the cost target. If the restriction is too much, it is hard to reach the cost target aim. 4.4 Project portfolio management for product innovation 4.4.1 The aim of research The aim of research is to establish the standard of test to evaluate the suitable use of product portfolio which can be conducted for product project or service project. 4.4.2 Prior literatures Andersson (2000) as cited by Killen Hunt Kleinschmidt (2008) that most of companies have noticed to practice the portfolio management to organize the resource to create the profitable outcome. Dye and Pennypacker (1999) as cited by Killen Hunt Kleinschmidt (2008) that current product portfolio widely practice on RD management and pioneering projects. Therefore, Project portfolio has been used in the industry and need more explanation to show the scheme of effective use. 4.3.3 Research method The research is conducted by survey in Australia. There were 166 organizations in this research who receive the mail to answer the questionnaire which consist of 88 questions. Those companies use project portfolio to manage their new product develop projects (Killen Hunt Kleinschmidt 2008). This sample method is suitable to compare the practice of portfolio from different industries. 4.4.4 Finding There is no significant difference of Product portfolio use in this research. However, it has been found that even the companies has used the product portfolio, many companies do not have enough time to conduct the product portfolio completely (Killen Hunt Kleinschmidt 2008). Therefore, time limit is still a obstruction to practice product portfolio management. 4.4.5 Future use of the research Most of product portfolio methods were design by the past environment and the use process is not flexible. Therefore, it need to improve the new Product portfolio methods to be suatible to use in the current business environment. 5. Conclusion Project management not only is theory, but also useful to practice in the business world. Furthermore, most of business cases can be seen a project to manage and planning. Many techniques of project management are suitable to be used in analysis. Meanwhile, the techniques and skills are also crucial to a project manager and academic journal would be the another source for managers to acquire the knowledge. After learning the theories and practice in the case study, being a successful project manager would an expected aim to be achieved.

Demostration Speech: Salsa Dancing

Presentational Communication Dr. Whalen Demonstration Speech: Latin Dancing *General Purpose: To Inform *Specific Purpose: To inform others about the culture of Salsa Dancing and the basic steps to this dance. *Central Idea: The main steps in salsa dancing are mainly to have good eye and feet coordination with your partner. Hola amigos, como estan todos? How many of you have ever been at a lounge or club in DC, heard a song similar to this? Play snippet of music (10 seconds) and wondered what kind of music that is or how to dance with it? Well that mis amigos is called Salsa.Salsa has been an important type of dance in my family since I was a little kid. Every since I could walk, my uncle would always grab my cousins and I and teach us the basic moves. As we got older we took classes with a good family friend and at the Salsa Club in VA. It’s something that brings my family and I together and is precious to our hearts. Today I’ll be discussing the history of salsa, some of the benefits, and demonstrate how to dance this popular Latin dance. Introduction 1. Originated in the 1920’s, Salsa is one of the oldest and most popular styles of Latin dancing.It combines many Spanish-derived and Afro-Cuban elements, which gives it’s a bit more excitement. Salsa is similar to Mambo in that both have a pattern of six steps danced over eight counts of music. Contra-Danze (Country Dance) of England/France, later called Danzon, was brought by the French who fled from Haiti, which later began to mix itself with Rhumbas of African origin. Son, of the Cuban people, was a mixture of the Spanish sonero and the African drumbeats. Flavora and a partner dance flowered to the beat of the clave. (Bartch) 2. According to livestrong. om, you can burn up to 500 calories with this one type of dance. it helps you develop stronger postures and boost your confidence. 3. According to fitday. com, salsa dancing has great health benefits such as improving cardiovascula r fitness and endurance as well as strength, balance, coordination, and muscle toning 4. salsabeat. com also states that one benefit of salsa dancing from a social perspective is the development of new social relationships. Okay so now we’ll get into the fun stuff†¦.. Body 1. first you want to make sure you have comfortable clothing and shoes.In many Latin American countries the women wear dresses with low heels, unless your advance I would recommend you wear leggings with low heels. *After you have dressed comfortably†¦ 2. You want to grab a partner. You want to make sure you partner is the right height, ladies you don’t want a man who is shorter, then you, it wouldn’t be very comfortable. *After you have grabbed your partner†¦ 3. You want to stand straight in a centered position. Once you are in a straight centered position, ladies take the lead†¦place your right hand on his left shoulder; men place your left hand on her waist and your righ t hand on her shoulder. Once you have placed your hands where they belong†¦ 4. The music will start to play†¦men take your right leg and move it forward, ladies as his right leg starts to move forward you’ll want to take your left leg backwards, count 1 2 3 and add in a little move with your hips. 5. Come back to a centered straight position and repeat the steps with your other leg. 6. Once you get the hang of a couple steps you can add in some turns to give the routine some more flavor. Make sure you keep up with the beat; salsa can be tricky at times so always listen carefully to the beat. 7.Finally you’ll want to practice a few times and show of your new dance moves. Conclusion In conclusion, I hope you all have learned and enjoyed learning some basic salsa moves, which includes the basic front to back, moving the hips and turns. Not only is salsa a good exercise for your legs, because trust me you will feel the burn after dancing for hours, but it’ s also a good way to expand your culture horizons. The next time you want to go to dancing, try going somewhere where Latin music is played so you can show off your sweet new moves and be the life of the party.

Heredity, Environment and Development Essay

Development of a person includes physical, mental, emotional and social aspects. These developments are associated with his genetic factors and also the factors related to the environment in which he is interacting with. Most of the personality traits were developed through these factors alone. â€Å"In the late 20th century, some of the key genes that control developmental processes (such as the Hox genes) were at last discovered.† (Heredity) Heredity means the transfer of the characteristics of parents to their off-springs through genes in their chromosomes. Every child enters the world with certain physical and mental features of their parents. These factors will affect his development throughout his life. Environment means all those factors which are contributed to the development of a person from the home, family, neighborhood, peer group, the school and the entire community in which the person is interacting.   â€Å"Environmental effects appeared broad and dynamic whereas the adolescents’ effects on environment appeared direct and specific† (Reciprocal Relationship between Home Environment and Development of TMR Adolescents) â€Å"Environmental influences can be divided into two classes, shared and non-shared (or unique) environment. Shared environment is the environment shared by siblings reared in the same family. This includes such variables as socioeconomic status and parent education. Non-shared environment is the environment unique to the individual. This includes such variables as peer group.† (Behavior Genetics) Conclusion The development of a person is controlled by nature and nurture or heredity and environment. Most of the personality traits are the contributions of heredity and environment. References 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Heredity, Microsoft ® Encarta ® Online Encyclopedia 2008, Retrieved on March 20, 2009 from http://uk.encarta.msn.com   Ã‚ © 1997-2008 Microsoft Corporation,   All Rights Reserved. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Reciprocal Relationship between Home Environment and Development of TMR Adolescents, Retrieved on March 20, 2009 from http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/custom/portlets/recordDetails/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=EJ291590&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=EJ291590 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Behavior Genetics, 2001, Retrieved on March 20, 2009 from http://www.personalityresearch.org/bg.html

The Battle of the Alamo

The Battle of the Alamo was fought on March 6, 1836, between rebellious Texans and the Mexican army. The Alamo was a fortified old mission in the center of the town of San Antonio de Bà ©xar: it was defended by about 200 rebellious Texans, chief among them Lt. Colonel William Travis, famed frontiersman Jim Bowie and former Congressman Davy Crockett. They were opposed by a massive Mexican army led by President/General Antonio Là ³pez de Santa Anna. After a two-week siege, Mexican forces attacked at dawn on March 6: the Alamo was overrun in less than two hours. The Struggle for Texas Independence Texas was originally part of the Spanish Empire in northern Mexico, but the region had been inching towards Independence for some time. English-speaking settlers from the USA had been arriving in Texas since 1821, when Mexico gained its independence from Spain. Some of these immigrants were part of approved settlement plans, like the one managed by Stephen F. Austin. Others were essentially squatters who had come to claim unoccupied lands. Cultural, political and economic differences separated these settlers from the rest of Mexico and by the early 1830s there was much support for independence (or statehood in the USA) in Texas. Texans Take the Alamo The first shots of the revolution were fired on October 2, 1835, in the town of Gonzales. In December, rebellious Texans attacked and captured San Antonio. Many of the Texan leaders, including General Sam Houston, felt that San Antonio was not worth defending: it was too far from the rebels power base in eastern Texas. Houston ordered Jim Bowie, a former resident of San Antonio, to destroy the Alamo and retreat with the remaining men. Bowie decided to remain and fortify the Alamo instead: he felt that with their accurate rifles and a handful of cannons, a small number of Texans could hold the city indefinitely against great odds. Arrival of William Travis and Conflict with Bowie Lt. Colonel William Travis arrived in February with about 40 men. He was outranked by James Neill and, at first, his arrival caused no great stir. But Neill left on family business and the 26-year-old Travis was suddenly in charge of the Texans at the Alamo. Travis problem was this: about half of the 200 or so men there were volunteers and took orders from no one: they could come and go as they wished. These men basically only answered to Bowie, their unofficial leader. Bowie didnt care for Travis and often contradicted his orders: the situation became quite tense. Arrival of Crockett On February 8, legendary frontiersman Davy Crockett arrived at the Alamo with a handful of Tennessee volunteers armed with deadly long rifles. The presence of Crockett, a former Congressman who had become very famous as a hunter, scout, and teller of tall tales, was a great boost to morale. Crockett, a skilled politician, was even able to defuse the tension between Travis and Bowie. He refused a commission, saying that he would be honored to serve as a private. He had even brought his fiddle and played for the defenders. Arrival of Santa Anna and the Siege of the Alamo On February 23, Mexican General Santa Anna arrived at the head of a massive army. He laid siege to San Antonio: the defenders retreated to the relative safety of the Alamo. Santa Anna did not secure all the exits from the city: the defenders could have crept away in the night had they wished: instead, they remained. Santa Anna ordered a red flag flown: it meant that no quarter would be given. Calls for Help and Reinforcements Travis busied himself sending out requests for help. Most of his missives were directed to James Fannin, 90 miles away in Goliad with about 300 men. Fannin did set out, but turned back after logistical problems (and perhaps the conviction that the men in the Alamo were doomed). Travis also begged for help from Sam Houston and the political delegates at Washington-on-the-Brazos, but no help was coming. On March first, 32 brave men from the town of Gonzales showed up and made their way through the enemy lines to reinforce the Alamo. On the third, James Butler Bonham, one of the volunteers, valiantly returned to the Alamo through enemy lines after bearing a message to Fannin: he would die with his comrades three days later. A Line in the Sand? According to legend, on the night of the fifth of March, Travis took his sword and drew a line in the sand. He then challenged anyone who would stay and fight to the death to cross the line. Everyone crossed except for a man named Moses Rose, who instead fled the Alamo that night. Jim Bowie, who by then was in bed with a debilitating illness, asked to be carried over the line. Did â€Å"the line in the sand† really happen? No one knows. The first account of this courageous story was printed much later, and it’s impossible to prove one way or another. Whether there was a line in the sand or not, the defenders knew that they would likely die if they remained. The Battle of the Alamo At dawn on March 6, 1836 the Mexicans attacked: Santa Anna may have attacked that day because he was afraid the defenders would surrender and he wanted to make an example of them. The Texans’ rifles and cannons were devastating as the Mexican soldiers made their way to the walls of the heavily fortified Alamo. In the end, however, there were just too many Mexican soldiers and the Alamo fell in about 90 minutes. Only a handful of prisoners were taken: Crockett may have been among them. They were executed as well, although women and children who were in the compound were spared. Legacy of the Battle of the Alamo The Battle of the Alamo was a costly win for Santa Anna: he lost about 600 soldiers that day, to some 200 rebellious Texans. Many of his own officers were appalled that he did not wait on some cannons that were being brought to the battlefield: a few days bombardment would have greatly softened up the Texan defenses. Worse than the loss of men, however, was the martyrdom of those inside. When word got out of the heroic, hopeless defense mounted by 200 outnumbered and poorly armed men, new recruits flocked to the cause, swelling the ranks of the Texan army. In less than two months, General Sam Houston would crush the Mexicans at the Battle of San Jacinto, destroying a large part of the Mexican army and capturing Santa Anna himself. As they ran into battle, those Texans shouted, Remember the Alamo as a war cry. Both sides made a statement at the Battle of the Alamo. The rebellious Texans proved that they were committed to the cause of independence and willing to die for it. The Mexicans proved that they were ready to accept the challenge and would not offer quarter or take prisoners when it came to those who took up arms against Mexico. Mexicans Supporting Independence One interesting historical note is worth mentioning. Although the Texas Revolution is generally assumed to have been stirred up by Anglo immigrants who moved to Texas in the 1820s and 1830s, this is not entirely the case. There were many native Mexican Texans, known as Tejanos, who supported independence. There were about a dozen or so Tejanos (no one is certain exactly how many) at the Alamo: they fought bravely and died with their comrades. Today, the Battle of the Alamo has achieved legendary status, particularly in Texas. The defenders are remembered as great heroes. Crockett, Bowie, Travis and Bonham all have many things named after them, including cities, counties, parks, schools and more. Even men like Bowie, who in life was a con man, brawler and slave trader, were redeemed by their heroic death at the Alamo. Several movies have been made about the Battle of the Alamo: the two most ambitious were John Waynes 1960 The Alamo and the 2004 film of the same name starring Billy Bob Thornton as Davy Crockett. Neither film is great: the first was plagued by historical inaccuracies and the second just isnt very good. Still, either one will give a rough idea of what the defense of the Alamo was like. The Alamo itself is still standing in downtown San Antonio: its a famous historical site and tourist attraction. Sources: Brands, H.W. Lone Star Nation: the Epic Story of the Battle for Texas Independence. New York: Anchor Books, 2004.Flores, Richard R. The Alamo: Myth, Public History, and the Politics of Inclusion. Radical History Review 77 (2000): 91–103. Print.---. Memory-Place, Meaning, and the Alamo. American Literary History 10.3 (1998): 428–45. Print.Fox, Anne A., Feris A. Bass, and Thomas R. Hester. The Archaeology and History of Alamo Plaza. Index of Texas Archaeology:  Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State (1976). Print.Grider, Sylvia Ann. How Texans Remember the Alamo. Usable Pasts. Ed. Tuleja, Tad. Traditions and Group Expressions in North America: University Press of Colorado, 1997. 274–90. Print.Henderson, Timothy J. A Glorious Defeat: Mexico and its War with the United States. New York: Hill and Wang, 2007.Matovina, Timothy. San Fernando Cathedral and the Alamo: Sacred Place, Public Ritual, and Construction of Meaning. Journal of Ritual Studies 12.2 ( 1998): 1–13. Print.